Marginal note:Temporary resident

47. A foreign national loses temporary resident status

• (a) at the end of the period for which they are authorized to remain in Canada;

• (b) on a determination by an officer or the Immigration Division that they have failed to comply with any other requirement of this Act; or

• (c) on cancellation of their temporary resident permit.

Enforcement of Removal Orders

Marginal note:Enforceable removal order

• 48. (1) A removal order is enforceable if it has come into force and is not stayed.

• Marginal note:Effect

  (2) If a removal order is enforceable, the foreign national against whom it was made must leave Canada immediately and it must be enforced as soon as is reasonably practicable.

Marginal note:In force

• 49. (1) A removal order comes into force on the latest of the following dates:

  • (a) the day the removal order is made, if there is no right to appeal;

  • (b) the day the appeal period expires, if there is a right to appeal and no appeal is made; and

  • (c) the day of the final determination of the appeal, if an appeal is made.

• Marginal note:In force — claimants

  (2) Despite subsection (1), a removal order made with respect to a refugee protection claimant is conditional and comes into force on the latest of the following dates:

  • (a) the day the claim is determined to be ineligible only under paragraph 101(1)(e);

  • (b) in a case other than that set out in paragraph (a), seven days after the claim is determined to be ineligible;

  • (c) 15 days after notification that the claim is rejected by the Refugee Protection Division, if no appeal is made, or by the Refugee Appeal Division, if an appeal is made;

  • (d) 15 days after notification that the claim is declared withdrawn or abandoned; and

  • (e) 15 days after proceedings are terminated as a result of notice under paragraph 104(1)(c) or (d).

Marginal note:Stay

50. A removal order is stayed

• (a) if a decision that was made in a judicial proceeding — at which the Minister shall be given the opportunity to make submissions — would be directly contravened by the enforcement of the removal order;

• (b) in the case of a foreign national sentenced to a term of imprisonment in Canada, until the sentence is completed;

• (c) for the duration of a stay imposed by the Immigration Appeal Division or any other court of competent jurisdiction;

• (d) for the duration of a stay under paragraph 114(1)(b); and

• (e) for the duration of a stay imposed by the Minister.

Marginal note:Void — permanent residence

51. A removal order that has not been enforced becomes void if the foreign national becomes a permanent resident.

Marginal note:No return without prescribed authorization

• 52. (1) If a removal order has been enforced, the foreign national shall not return to Canada, unless authorized by an officer or in other prescribed circumstances.

• Marginal note:Return to Canada

  (2) If a removal order for which there is no right of appeal has been enforced and is subsequently set aside in a judicial review, the foreign national is entitled to return to Canada at the expense of the Minister.

Regulations

Marginal note:Regulations

53. The regulations may provide for any matter relating to the application of this Division, and may include provisions respecting

• (a) conditions that may or must be imposed, varied, or cancelled, individually or by class, on permanent residents and foreign nationals;

• (b) the circumstances in which a removal order shall be made or confirmed against a permanent resident or a foreign national;

• (c) the circumstances in which status may be restored;

• (d) the circumstances in which a removal order may be stayed, including a stay imposed by the Minister and a stay that is not expressly provided for by this Act;

• (e) the effect and enforcement of removal orders;

• (f) the effect of a pardon under the Criminal Records Act on the status of permanent residents and foreign nationals and removal orders made against them; and

• (g) the financial obligations that may be imposed with respect to a removal order.

Division 6Detention and Release

Marginal note:Immigration Division

54. The Immigration Division is the competent Division of the Board with respect to the review of reasons for detention under this Division.

Marginal note:Arrest and detention with warrant

• 55. (1) An officer may issue a warrant for the arrest and detention of a permanent resident or a foreign national who the officer has reasonable grounds to believe is inadmissible and is a danger to the public or is unlikely to appear for examination, an admissibility hearing or removal from Canada.

• Marginal note:Arrest and detention without warrant

  (2) An officer may, without a warrant, arrest and detain a foreign national, other than a protected person,

  • (a) who the officer has reasonable grounds to believe is inadmissible and is a danger to the public or is unlikely to appear for examination, an admissibility hearing, removal from Canada, or at a proceeding that could lead to the making of a removal order by the Minister under subsection 44(2); or

  • (b) if the officer is not satisfied of the identity of the foreign national in the course of any procedure under this Act.

• Marginal note:Detention on entry

  (3) A permanent resident or a foreign national may, on entry into Canada, be detained if an officer

  • (a) considers it necessary to do so in order for the examination to be completed; or

  • (b) has reasonable grounds to suspect that the permanent resident or the foreign national is inadmissible on grounds of security or for violating human or international rights.

• Marginal note:Notice

  (4) If a permanent resident or a foreign national is taken into detention, an officer shall without delay give notice to the Immigration Division.

Marginal note:Release — officer

56. An officer may order the release from detention of a permanent resident or a foreign national before the first detention review by the Immigration Division if the officer is of the opinion that the reasons for the detention no longer exist. The officer may impose any conditions, including the payment of a deposit or the posting of a guarantee for compliance with the conditions, that the officer considers necessary.

Marginal note:Review of detention

• 57. (1) Within 48 hours after a permanent resident or a foreign national is taken into detention, or without delay afterward, the Immigration Division must review the reasons for the continued detention.

• Marginal note:Further review

  (2) At least once during the seven days following the review under subsection (1), and at least once during each 30-day period following each previous review, the Immigration Division must review the reasons for the continued detention.

• Marginal note:Presence

  (3) In a review under subsection (1) or (2), an officer shall bring the permanent resident or the foreign national before the Immigration Division or to a place specified by it.

Marginal note:Release — Immigration Division

• 58. (1) The Immigration Division shall order the release of a permanent resident or a foreign national unless it is satisfied, taking into account prescribed factors, that

  • (a) they are a danger to the public;

  • (b) they are unlikely to appear for examination, an admissibility hearing, removal from Canada, or at a proceeding that could lead to the making of a removal order by the Minister under subsection 44(2);

  • (c) the Minister is taking necessary steps to inquire into a reasonable suspicion that they are inadmissible on grounds of security or for violating human or international rights; or

  • (d) the Minister is of the opinion that the identity of the foreign national has not been, but may be, established and they have not reasonably cooperated with the Minister by providing relevant information for the purpose of establishing their identity or the Minister is making reasonable efforts to establish their identity.

• Marginal note:Detention — Immigration Division

  (2) The Immigration Division may order the detention of a permanent resident or a foreign national if it is satisfied that the permanent resident or the foreign national is the subject of an examination or an admissibility hearing or is subject to a removal order and that the permanent resident or the foreign national is a danger to the public or is unlikely to appear for examination, an admissibility hearing or removal from Canada.

• Marginal note:Conditions

  (3) If the Immigration Division orders the release of a permanent resident or a foreign national, it may impose any conditions that it considers necessary, including the payment of a deposit or the posting of a guarantee for compliance with the conditions.

Marginal note:Incarcerated foreign nationals

59. If a warrant for arrest and detention under this Act is issued with respect to a permanent resident or a foreign national who is detained under another Act of Parliament in an institution, the person in charge of the institution shall deliver the inmate to an officer at the end of the inmate’s period of detention in the institution.

Marginal note:Minor children

60. For the purposes of this Division, it is affirmed as a principle that a minor child shall be detained only as a measure of last resort, taking into account the other applicable grounds and criteria including the best interests of the child.

Marginal note:Regulations

61. The regulations may provide for the application of this Division, and may include provisions respecting

• (a) grounds for and conditions and criteria with respect to the release of persons from detention;

• (b) factors to be considered by an officer or the Immigration Division; and

• (c) special considerations that may apply in relation to the detention of minor children.

Division 7Right of Appeal

Marginal note:Competent jurisdiction

62. The Immigration Appeal Division is the competent Division of the Board with respect to appeals under this Division.