Canadian Aviation Regulations (SOR/96-433)

[705.49 to 705.53 reserved]

Division IV — Aircraft Performance Operating Limitations

Exceptions

705.54 A person may operate an aircraft without complying with the requirements of this Division if the person

• (a) is authorized to do so in an air operator certificate; and

• (b) complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards.

General Requirements

705.55 Any determination made for the purposes of sections 705.56 to 705.61 shall be based on approved performance data set out in the aircraft flight manual.

Take-off Weight Limitations

• 705.56 (1) No person shall conduct a take-off in an aircraft if the weight of the aircraft

  • (a) exceeds the maximum take-off weight specified in the aircraft flight manual for the pressure-altitude and the ambient temperature at the aerodrome where the take-off is to be made; or

  • (b) after allowing for planned fuel consumption during the flight to the destination aerodrome or alternate aerodrome, exceeds the landing weight specified in the aircraft flight manual for the pressure-altitude and the ambient temperature at the destination aerodrome or alternate aerodrome.

• (2) In the determination of the maximum take-off weight referred to in subsection (1) for an aeroplane,

  • (a) the required accelerate-stop distance shall not exceed the accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA);

  • (b) the required take-off run shall not exceed the take-off run available (TORA); and

  • (c) the required take-off distance shall not exceed the take-off distance available (TODA).

• (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), the following factors shall be taken into account:

  • (a) the pressure-altitude at the aerodrome;

  • (b) the ambient temperature;

  • (c) the runway slope in the direction of take-off; and

  • (d) not more than 50 per cent of the reported headwind component or not less than 150 per cent of the reported tailwind component.

Net Take-off Flight Path

• 705.57 (1) No person shall conduct a take-off in an aeroplane if the weight of the aeroplane is greater than the weight specified in the aircraft flight manual as allowing a net take-off flight path that clears all obstacles by at least 35 feet vertically or at least 200 feet horizontally within the aerodrome boundaries, and by at least 300 feet horizontally outside those boundaries.

• (2) In the determination of the maximum weight, minimum distances and flight path referred to in subsection (1),

  • (a) corrections shall be made for

    • (i) the runway to be used,

    • (ii) the runway slope in the direction of take-off,

    • (iii) the pressure-altitude at the aerodrome,

    • (iv) the ambient temperature, and

    • (v) the wind component at the time of take-off, where not more than 50 per cent of the reported headwind component or not less than 150 per cent of the reported tailwind component is considered; and

  • (b) calculations shall be based on the pilot

    • (i) not banking the aeroplane before reaching an altitude of 50 feet,

    • (ii) subject to subsection (3), using 15 degrees or less of bank at or below 400 feet, and

    • (iii) using no more than 25 degrees of bank thereafter, aircraft speed and configuration permitting.

• (3) A bank angle greater than the 15 degrees referred to in subparagraph (2)(b)(ii) may be used if it is authorized in an air operator certificate.

Enroute Limitations with One Engine Inoperative

• 705.58 (1) No person shall conduct a take-off in an aeroplane if the weight of the aeroplane is greater than the weight that will allow the aeroplane to attain, with any engine inoperative, a net flight path that

  • (a) has a positive slope at 1,000 feet above all terrain and obstructions within five nautical miles on either side of the intended track, at all points along the route or planned diversion therefrom; or

  • (b) will permit flight from the cruising altitude to an aerodrome where the requirements of section 705.60 can be complied with, and clears vertically, by at least 2,000 feet, all terrain and obstructions within five nautical miles on either side of the intended track.

• (2) For the purposes of subsection (1), the following factors shall be taken into account after an engine failure:

  • (a) the effects of wind and temperature on the net flight path; and

  • (b) the effects of fuel jettisoning, where the jettisoning is conducted in accordance with procedures set out in the company operations manual and sufficient fuel remains to complete a landing with the required fuel reserves.

Enroute Limitations with Two Engines Inoperative

• 705.59 (1) No person shall operate an aeroplane having three or more engines unless

  • (a) all points along the intended track are located at a distance that can be flown in 90 minutes or less, with all engines operating at cruise power, from an aerodrome where the requirements of section 705.60 can be complied with; or

  • (b) the weight of the aeroplane is not greater than the weight that, according to the two-engines-inoperative enroute net flight path data shown in the aircraft flight manual, will allow the aeroplane to clear vertically, by at least 2,000 feet, all terrain and obstructions within five nautical miles on either side of the intended track, and thereafter to continue flight to an aerodrome where the requirements of section 705.60 can be complied with.

• (2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b), the following factors shall be taken into account after the failure of two engines:

  • (a) the effects of wind and temperature on the net flight path; and

  • (b) the effects of fuel jettisoning, where the jettisoning is conducted in accordance with procedures set out in the company operations manual and sufficient fuel remains to arrive at the destination aerodrome at 1,500 feet AGL with a fuel reserve sufficient to fly for 15 minutes thereafter at cruise power.

Dispatch Limitations: Landing at Destination and Alternate Aerodromes

• 705.60 (1) Subject to subsection (3), no person shall dispatch or conduct a take-off in an aeroplane unless

  • (a) the weight of the aeroplane on landing at the destination aerodrome will allow a full-stop landing

    • (i) in the case of a turbo-jet-powered aeroplane, within 60 per cent of the landing distance available (LDA), or

    • (ii) in the case of a propeller-driven aeroplane, within 70 per cent of the landing distance available (LDA); and

  • (b) the weight of the aeroplane on landing at the alternate aerodrome will allow a full-stop landing

    • (i) in the case of a turbo-jet-powered aeroplane, within 60 per cent of the landing distance available (LDA), and

    • (ii) in the case of a propeller-driven aeroplane, within 70 per cent of the landing distance available (LDA).

• (2) In determining whether an aeroplane can be dispatched or a take-off can be conducted in accordance with subsection (1), the following shall be taken into account:

  • (a) the pressure-altitude at the destination aerodrome and at the alternate aerodrome;

  • (b) not more than 50 per cent of the reported headwind component or not less than 150 per cent of the reported tailwind component; and

  • (c) that the aeroplane must be landed on a suitable runway, considering the wind speed and direction, the ground handling characteristics of the aeroplane, and other conditions such as landing aids and terrain.

• (3) Where conditions at the destination aerodrome at the time of take-off do not permit compliance with paragraph (2)(c), an aeroplane may be dispatched and a take-off conducted if the alternate aerodrome designated in the operational flight plan permits, at the time of take-off, compliance with paragraph (1)(b) and subsection (2).

Dispatch Limitations: Wet Runway — Turbo-jet-powered Aeroplanes

• 705.61 (1) Subject to subsection (2), when weather reports or forecasts indicate that the runway may be wet at the estimated time of arrival, no air operator shall dispatch or conduct a take-off in a turbo-jet-powered aeroplane unless the landing distance available (LDA) at the destination aerodrome is at least 115 per cent of the landing distance required pursuant to paragraph 705.60(1)(a).

• (2) The landing distance available on a wet runway may be shorter than that required by subsection (1), but not shorter than that required by section 705.60, if the aircraft flight manual includes specific information about landing distances on wet runways.