Passenger Automobile and Light Truck Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations

Marginal note:Definitions

• 1 (1) The following definitions apply in these Regulations.

  Act

  Act means the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. (Loi)

  advanced technology vehicle

  advanced technology vehicle means an electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle or a fuel cell vehicle. (véhicule à technologie de pointe)

  alcohol dual fuel vehicle

  alcohol dual fuel vehicle means a vehicle that

  • (a) is designed to operate either on

    • (i) alcohol fuel or gasoline, or

    • (ii) alcohol fuel or diesel fuel;

  • (b) yields equal or greater energy efficiency, calculated in accordance with section 510(g)(1) of Title 40, chapter I, part 600, subpart F, of the CFR, while operating on alcohol fuel as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and

  • (c) meets or exceeds the minimum driving range set out in section 5(a) of Title 49, subtitle B, chapter V, part 538, of the CFR. (véhicule à alcool à double carburant)

  alcohol fuel

  alcohol fuel means a fuel mixture containing 85% or more by volume of methanol, ethanol, or other alcohols. (alcool carburant)

  approach angle

  approach angle means the smallest angle, in a plan side view of a vehicle, formed by the level surface on which the vehicle is standing and a line tangent to the front tire static loaded radius arc and touching the underside of the vehicle forward of the front tire. (angle d’approche)

  automobile

  automobile means any four-wheeled self-propelled vehicle that is designed for use on highways and that has a GVWR of less than 4 536 kg (10,000 pounds), except

  • (a) a vehicle manufactured in different stages by two or more manufacturers, if no intermediate or final-stage manufacturer of that vehicle manufactures more than 10,000 multistage vehicles per year; and

  • (b) a work truck. (automobile)

  axle clearance

  axle clearance means the vertical distance from the level surface on which a vehicle is standing to the lowest point on the axle differential of the vehicle. (garde au sol sous les essieux)

  break-over angle

  break-over angle means the supplement of the largest angle, in the plan side view of a vehicle, that can be formed by two lines tangent to the front and rear static loaded radii arcs and intersecting at a point on the underside of the vehicle. (angle de rampe)

  cargo box length at the floor

  cargo box length at the floor means the longitudinal distance between the inside front of the cargo box and the inside of the closed endgate as measured at the surface of the cargo box floor along the vehicle’s centreline. (longueur de caisse au plancher)

  cargo box length at the top of the body

  cargo box length at the top of the body means the longitudinal distance between the inside front of the cargo box and the inside of the closed endgate as measured at the height of the top of the cargo box along the vehicle’s centreline. (longueur de caisse au sommet de la carrosserie)

  cargo box width

  cargo box width means the width of the cargo box as measured at the cargo box’s narrowest point between the wheelhouses. (largeur de la caisse de chargement)

  car line

  car line[Repealed, SOR/2014-207, s. 1]

  CFR

  CFR means the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States as amended from time to time. (CFR)

  CO₂

  CO₂ means carbon dioxide. (CO₂)

  curb weight

  curb weight means, at the manufacturer’s choice, the actual or manufacturer’s estimated weight of a vehicle in operational status with all standard equipment and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity and the weight of optional equipment. (masse en état de marche)

  departure angle

  departure angle means the smallest angle, in a plan side view of a vehicle, formed by the level surface on which the vehicle is standing and a line tangent to the rear tire static loaded radius arc and touching the underside of the vehicle rearward of the rear tire. (angle de sortie)

  electric vehicle

  electric vehicle means a vehicle that

  • (a) conforms to the emission standards of bin 1 set out in a horizontal row in Table S04-1 in section 1811 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR;

  • (b) is powered solely by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable energy storage system, provided that recharge energy can be drawn from a source that is not on-board the vehicle; and

  • (c) does not have an on-board combustion engine-generator system as a means of providing electrical energy. (véhicule électrique)

  emergency vehicle

  emergency vehicle means a vehicle that is manufactured primarily for use as an ambulance or a police vehicle. (véhicule d’urgence)

  EPA

  EPA means the United States Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA)

  EPA certificate

  EPA certificate means a certificate of conformity to U.S. federal standards issued by the EPA. (certificat de l’EPA)

  fire fighting vehicle

  fire fighting vehicle means a passenger automobile or light truck that is designed to be used under emergency conditions to transport personnel and equipment and to support the suppression of fires and the mitigation of other emergency situations. (véhicule d’incendie)

  footprint

  footprint means the result of the product of the average width (measured in inches and rounded to the nearest tenth of an inch) of the lateral distance between the centrelines of the front and rear base tires at ground, multiplied by the longitudinal distance between the front and rear wheel centrelines (measured in inches and rounded to the nearest tenth of an inch), divided by 144 and rounded to the nearest tenth of a square foot. (empreinte)

  fuel cell vehicle

  fuel cell vehicle means an electric vehicle propelled solely by an electric motor, the energy for the motor being supplied by an electrochemical cell that produces electricity without fuel combustion. (véhicule à pile à combustible)

  full-size pick-up truck

  full-size pick-up truck means a light truck that has a passenger compartment and a cargo box without a permanently fixed roof and that meets the following specifications:

  • (a) a cargo box width of 121.9 cm (48 inches) or more;

  • (b) a cargo box length of 152.4 cm (60 inches) or more, which length corresponds to the lesser of the cargo box length at the top of the body and the cargo box length at the floor; and

  • (c) a towing capability of 2 267 kg (5,000 pounds) or more or a payload capability of 771 kg (1,700 pounds) or more. (grosse camionnette)

  GCWR

  GCWR means the gross combination weight rating specified by a manufacturer as the maximum combined weight of a towing vehicle, its passengers and its cargo, plus the weight of the trailer and its cargo. (PNBC)

  GVWR

  GVWR means the gross vehicle weight rating specified by a manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single vehicle. (PNBV)

  hybrid electric vehicle

  hybrid electric vehicle means a vehicle that is powered by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable energy storage system from an on-board electric source and by an internal combustion engine or heat engine. (véhicule électrique hybride)

  light truck

  light truck means an automobile

  • (a) that has four-wheel drive or a GVWR of more than 2 722 kg (6,000 pounds) and that has at least four of the following characteristics calculated when the automobile is at curb weight, on a level surface, with the front wheels parallel to the automobile’s longitudinal centreline and the tires inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended pressure:

    • (i) approach angle of not less than 28 degrees,

    • (ii) break-over angle of not less than 14 degrees,

    • (iii) departure angle of not less than 20 degrees,

    • (iv) running clearance of not less than 20 centimetres,

    • (v) front and rear axle clearances of not less than 18 centimetres; or

  • (b) that is designed to perform at least one of the following functions:

    • (i) transport more than 10 persons,

    • (ii) provide temporary living quarters,

    • (iii) transport property on an open bed,

    • (iv) provide greater cargo-carrying than passenger-carrying volume, the cargo-carrying volume of a vehicle sold with a second-row seat being determined with that seat installed, regardless of whether or not the manufacturer has described that seat as optional,

    • (v) permit expanded use of the automobile for cargo-carrying purposes through the removal or stowing of seats to create a flat surface extending from the forwardmost point of installation of those seats to the rear of the automobile’s interior, with automobiles of the 2012 and subsequent model years being equipped with at least three rows of designated seating positions as standard equipment. (camion léger)

  mild hybrid electric technology

  mild hybrid electric technology means a technology that includes automatic start/stop capability and regenerative braking capability, and with which the recovered energy is at least 15% but less than 65% of the total braking energy, as determined in accordance with the test procedure set out in section 116(d) of Title 40, chapter I, part 600, subpart B, of the CFR. (technologie électrique hybride légère)

  model type

  model type means passenger automobiles or light trucks that have the same combination of car line, transmission class and basic engine or basic electric motor. (type de modèle)

  model year

  model year means the year, as determined under section 4, that is used by a manufacturer to designate a model of vehicle. (année de modèle)

  natural gas dual fuel vehicle

  natural gas dual fuel vehicle means a vehicle that

  • (a) is designed to operate either on

    • (i) natural gas or gasoline, or

    • (ii) natural gas or diesel fuel;

  • (b) yields equal or greater energy efficiency, calculated in accordance with section 510(g)(1) of Title 40, chapter I, part 600, subpart F, of the CFR, while operating on natural gas as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and

  • (c) meets or exceeds the minimum driving range set out in section 5(a) of Title 49, subtitle B, chapter V, part 538, of the CFR. (véhicule à gaz naturel à double carburant)

  natural gas vehicle

  natural gas vehicle means a vehicle designed to operate exclusively on natural gas. (véhicule au gaz naturel)

  nominal tank capacity

  nominal tank capacity means the volume of the fuel tank specified by the manufacturer to the nearest three eighths of a litre (one tenth of a U.S. gallon).  (capacité nominale du réservoir à carburant)

  passenger automobile

  passenger automobile means any automobile, other than a light truck, that is designed for use in the transportation of not more than 10 persons. (automobile à passagers)

  payload capability

  payload capability means the difference between the GVWR and curb weight of a vehicle. (charge utile)

  plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

  plug-in hybrid electric vehicle means a hybrid electric vehicle that has the capability to recharge its energy storage system from an electric source that is not on board the vehicle. (véhicule électrique hybride rechargeable)

  running clearance

  running clearance means the vertical distance from the level surface on which a vehicle is standing to the lowest point on the vehicle, excluding any point on a component that forms part of the vehicle’s unsprung weight. (jeu fonctionnel)

  static loaded radius arc

  static loaded radius arc means a portion of a circle whose centre is the centre of a standard tire-rim combination of a vehicle and whose radius is the distance from that centre to the level surface on which the vehicle is standing, measured with the vehicle at curb weight, the wheel parallel to the vehicle’s longitudinal centreline and the tire inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended pressure. (arc du rayon sous charge)

  strong hybrid electric technology

  strong hybrid electric technology means a technology that includes automatic start/stop capability and regenerative braking capability, and with which the recovered energy is at least 65% of the total braking energy, as determined in accordance with the test procedure set out in section 116(d) of Title 40, chapter I, part 600, subpart B, of the CFR. (technologie électrique hybride complète)

  temporary living quarters

  temporary living quarters means a space in the interior of an automobile that includes sleeping surfaces and household conveniences and in which people may temporarily live. (abri provisoire)

  towing capability

  towing capability means the difference between the GCWR and GVWR of a vehicle. (capacité de remorquage)

  transmission class

  transmission class[Repealed, SOR/2014-207, s. 1]

  useful life

  useful life means the period of time or use in respect of which an emission standard applies to a vehicle, as follows

  • (a) in the case of a passenger automobile or light truck other than a medium-duty passenger vehicle as defined in subsection 1(1) of the On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulations — 10 years or 120,000 miles; whichever occurs first; or

  • (b) in the case of a light truck that is a medium-duty passenger vehicle as defined in subsection 1(1) of the On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulations — 11 years or 120,000 miles; whichever occurs first. (durée de vie utile)

  work truck

  work truck means a vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 3 856 kg (8,500 pounds) and less than or equal to 4 536 kg (10,000 pounds) and does not include a medium-duty passenger vehicle as defined in subsection 1(1) of the On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulations. (camion de travail)

• (2) [Repealed, SOR/2014-207, s. 1]

• Marginal note:CFR

  (3) Standards that are incorporated by reference in these Regulations from the CFR are those expressly set out in the CFR and must be read as excluding

  • (a) references to the EPA or the Administrator of the EPA exercising discretion in any way;

  • (b) references to the Secretary of Transportation exercising discretion in any way;

  • (c) alternative standards related to fleet averages, other averages, emission credits, small volume manufacturers, or financial hardship; and

  • (d) standards or evidence of conformity of any authority other than the EPA.